The main part of the paper describes and illustrates the clinical examination of the living human cornea with the confocal microscope figures many in color from the normal cornea the cornea with known parthologies and the postsurgical cornea are selected for their educational value photographs of standard light microscopy of fixed human corneal sections are compared with confocal maicroscopic images where appropriate slit lamp color photographs are compared with confocal microscopic . Examination of the corneal surface by in vivo confocal microscopy ivcm allows for objective identification of corneal and conjunctival cell phenotypes to evaluate different epithelialization patterns detection of a corneal conjunctival epithelial transition could be considered as a sign of restored epithelial function following simple limbal epithelial transplantation slet this is a prospective interventional case series we assessed patients with limbal stem cell deficiency lscd by . Abstract in vivo scanning slit confocal microscopy offers improved resolution and has resulted in new discoveries of corneal pathology at the cellular levelthe ability to provide high resolution real time images of the full thickness of theliving human cornea gives the clinician and the researcher an important new tool. Confocal microscopy has also been used to characterise corneal alterations associated with a variety of systemic and or ocular diseases such as diabetes 47 129 130 marfan syndrome 131 glaucomatous megalocornea 132 and chronic uveitis 133 in these case series confocal microscopy is often able to detect subtle corneal changes that precede other more commonly known detectable impairments 47 133